A Gift of History, a Gift for the Future

Glaser and his family have made a pair of significant commitments to the Caltech community. They established the Donald A. Glaser Fund for Experimental Physics, which will support young scholars at Caltech far into the future, with a $10 million bequest. His family also chose to make the Caltech Archives the home for Glaser’s personal and scientific papers—historical materials that are being digitized in order to provide access for the general public. At left is a page from Glaser’s journals with a diagram of his signature early achievement, the bubble chamber. At right, Glaser poses with the bubble chamber in a photo taken circa 1959, the year he joined the faculty of UC Berkeley after 10 years at the University of Michigan.

With his invention of the bubble chamber, Glaser enabled researchers to learn about exotic and unstable subatomic particles by photographing the trails they left in a near-boiling liquid. He had seen firsthand that the instrument’s predecessor, the cloud chamber, was too slow for some experiments when he was completing his thesis work on cosmic rays. At Caltech, Glaser became part of a notable scientific lineage: His graduate adviser was Carl Anderson (BS ’27, PhD ’30), Nobel laureate and discoverer of the positron, who had studied under Nobel laureate and Caltech co-founder Robert Millikan. At left is a photo of Glaser with the bubble chamber in 1960, the year he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. At right is a photo showing an early version of the instrument, taken from his paper “Invention of the Bubble Chamber and Subsequent Events,” part of a July 1994 issue of Nuclear Physics B with the proceedings of a conference about the instrument and its legacy.

Glaser recounted part of his motivation for creating the bubble chamber in his journals: “Data about these new particles were collecting slowly in a hit-and-miss fashion. . . . I began to daydream of the possibilities of changing some of these experimental conditions to increase the rate of data collection.” With this new instrument, he opened up possibilities that enabled him and many other physicists to make fundamental discoveries. He was only 34 years old when he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention in 1960. At left is a historic bubble chamber image taken by scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1964, which captures the trail of an elementary particle called the omega-minus baryon. This discovery supported a 1962 prediction by Caltech Nobel laureate Murray Gell-Mann, part of his pioneering theoretical work on subatomic particles he named “quarks.” At right, Glaser gives a presentation during his trip to Sweden in 1960 to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Joining the ranks of Caltech Nobel laureates marked a turning point for the young scientist, but the honor left some angst in its wake. In his diaries Glaser wrote, “Here I sit at the age of 35, a Nobel Prize winner in physics nearly two years ago, and unable to decide on a definite course for my scientific efforts. Other parts of my life seem to drift aimlessly also—without plans or enthusiasms of long range.” These feelings—along with his dissatisfaction about the increasing size of physics research groups—factored into a dramatic move: He completely switched scientific fields. At left, visiting Caltech en route to Sweden to collect the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1960, Glaser (far left) receives congratulations from fellow physicists: Richard Feynman (who won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965), Robert Bacher (later to be Caltech’s first provost), and Robert Leighton (BS ’41, MS ’44, PhD ’47). At right is the page from Glaser’s notebooks that contains the quotation above.

Joining the ranks of Caltech Nobel laureates marked a turning point for the young scientist, but the honor left some angst in its wake. In his diaries Glaser wrote, "Here I sit at the age of 35, a Nobel Prize winner in physics nearly two years ago, and unable to decide on a definite course for my scientific efforts. Other parts of my life seem to drift aimlessly also—without plans or enthusiasms of long range." These feelings—along with his dissatisfaction about the increasing size of physics research groups—factored into a dramatic move: He completely switched scientific fields. At left, visiting Caltech en route to Sweden to collect the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1960, Glaser (far left) receives congratulations from fellow physicists: Richard Feynman (who won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965), Robert Bacher (later to be Caltech's first provost), and Robert Leighton (BS '41, MS '44, PhD '47). At right is the page from Glaser's notebooks that contains the quotation above.